What is the standard voltage for domestic electrical systems?

The standard voltage for domestic electrical systems in many regions, particularly in Europe, is set at 230 volts. This standard was established to harmonize voltage levels for more consistent and efficient electrical supply across countries. While historically there have been variations, the European Union officially adopted 230 volts as a nominal voltage for household systems, which aligns with the commonly used 230/400 volts three-phase supply.

The other voltage options, although close, reflect older nominal values or different standards used in specific locales. 110 volts is more common in the United States and some other places, while 220 volts and 240 volts may be used in specific applications but are not the standardized level that has been agreed upon internationally for domestic use. Thus, the focus on 230 volts illustrates the importance of standardized voltages for safety and compatibility across electrical devices and systems.